Warum Raman-Spektroskopie für Mikroplastik?
Optisch lassen sich Mikroplastikpartikel häufig nicht zuverlässig identifizieren. Raman löst dieses Problem durch eine chemische Analyse direkt am einzelnen Partikel.
Eindeutige chemische Identifikation
Jedes Polymer besitzt ein charakteristisches Raman-Spektrum. Dadurch lassen sich PE, PP, PET oder PS zuverlässig von natürlichen Materialien unterscheiden.
Sehr hohe räumliche Auflösung
Konfokale Raman-Mikroskopie eignet sich besonders für kleine Partikel bis in den niedrigen Mikrometerbereich.
Geringe Wasserinterferenz
Wasser zeigt nur schwache Raman-Signale und stört die Analyse deutlich weniger als bei vielen IR-basierten Verfahren.
Einzelpartikelanalyse
Jedes Partikel wird einzeln vermessen. Dadurch entstehen belastbare Aussagen zu Partikelzahl, Größe, Form und Polymerart.
Ein Blick ins Labor: Raman-Analyse von Mikroplastik Schritt für Schritt
1. Probenahme & Kontaminationskontrolle
2. Filtration der Wasserprobe
3. Mikoskopische Lokalisierung
4. Raman-Messung am Einzelpartikel
5. Spektrenabgleich & Polymeridentifikation
Grenzen der Raman-Spektroskopie
Raman vs. FTIR
| Eigenschaft | Raman | FTIR |
|---|---|---|
| Kleine Partikel | Sehr gut geeignet | Eingeschränkt |
| Wasserinterferenz | Gering | Höher |
| Fluoreszenzprobleme | Relevant | Geringer |
| Dunkle Kunststoffe | Schwieriger | Häufig robuster |
| Räumliche Auflösung | Sehr hoch | Niedriger |
Literaturverzeichnis
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- International Organization for Standardization. (2023). ISO 24187:2023: Principles for the analysis of microplastics present in the environment. ISO.
- International Organization for Standardization. (2025). ISO 5667-27:2025: Water quality — Sampling — Part 27. ISO.
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